Lubricating oil



Patented Na. 26, 1940 UNITED s'r TEs LUBBIOATING on. Ar o d G. vob h. whims, Ina, assimia Sinclair Wration' oi Maine No Drawing.

'ZOlaima,

This invention relates to lubricating oils and oils and a plurality of addition" agents which modern trend; and it has become increasingly more important that a lubricating oil suitable for such engines possess increased film strength and thermal stability to meet these demands.

It has been proposed heretofore to use halogenated naphthalene, such as chlorinated naphthalene, in order to enhance the lubricating properties of petroleum lubricating oil by imparting increased oiliness and increased film strength. Although chlorinated naphthalene is highly effective in this capacity, such use of this product has not been entirely free from difiiculty due to the fact that it tends to decompose at elevated temperature conditions emsting within an internal combustion engine- As a result or such decomposition chlorine or hydrochoric acid is slowly liberated. Such decomposition products attack the metal surfaces of an engine with the result that the compounded 011 containing the" 85 chlorinated naphthalene is branded as corrosive.

In my Patent No. 2,081,075 I have described the preparation of calcium phenyl steal-ate and its use as an addition agent in petroleum lubrieating oils for the purpose of improving the thermal stability of such oils. The calcium phenyl stearate described in this patent may consist of calcium phenyl stearate, or maycomprise calcium phenyl stearate together with calcium stearate, or calcium phenyl 3 1 w or a mixture of calcium phenyl stearate and calcium steal-ate together with phenyl stearic acid, the paitlcular composition depending to some extent upon th extent of saponification of the phenyl 1 acid. The expression calcium phenyl prises this product described in my patent referred to above.

I have discovered that the desirable lubricating properties imparted to an oil by the incorporation therein of chlorinated naphthalene are comple- Hig-her pressures be- I temperatures are the immediate result 02. this I as used herein and in the appended claims com- 1 Company, New York, N. 1.. a cor- Application ottom- 21, 1938, SerialNo. 236,191

mented by the addition of calcium phenyl stearate and that the addition oi-calcium phenyl stearate serves to overcome the undesirable characteristics of the chlorinated naphthalene. I have found that the addition of a substantial quantity of calcium phenyl stearate to a petro- &

leum lubricating 011 containing chlorinated naphthalene provides a means for removing chlorine or hydrochloric acid from the oil by reaction with the metal of the soap thus eliminating the corrosive element of the lubricating oil-chlorinated naphthalene mixture. A relatively wide range in the amount of calcium phenyl stearate for a given amount of chlorinated naphthalene in the oil may be used with advantage. I have found, however, that maximum improvement is realized by incorporating in the oil an amount of calcium phenyl stearate such that the calcium content of the soap is slightly in excess of the theoretical amount necessary to react with the chlorine in the chlorinated naphthalene to form the corresponding inorganic salt.

The halogenated naphthalene, such as chlorie nated naphthalene, for example, may be prepared by direct chlorination of naphthalene or in any other suitable manner. In general, direct chlorination of naphthalene will yield a mixture of chloronaphthalenes, wher chlorination by means of a catalyst may be employed to produce particular chloronaphthalenes. Thenaphthalene is preferably chlorinated to such an extent that the resulting product contains about 20-50% chlorine by weight, the actual amount of chlorine combined with the naphthalene-- depending to a large extent upon the properties of the lubricating oil to be enhanced and the character of the oil to which the chlorinated naphthalene is to be added. Chlorinated naphthalene corresponding substantially to monochloronaphthalene and containing. approximately 22% chlorine by weight may be used with particular advan-' ee.

, The calcium phenyl te may contain varyins amounts of calcium. A product suitable for use in the present invention may contain with advantage about 4.8-5.0% calcium although a product cont a smaller or larger percentage of calcium be used.

In accordance with my invention, I have found that calcium phenyl stearate containing about 5.0% calcium by wt should be used in an amount oi approximately one and one-third that of chlorinated naphthalene containin: about 22% chlorine by weight. Similarly, I 7

have i'ound'that a rotioorabout 3:1 should be ative amount or each addition agent used. for a particular lubricating oil and for a particular purpose will vary according to the amount oi calcium inthe soap and the amount of chlorine in the chlorinated naphthalene incorporated. The actual amount of each addition agent which may be used with advantage will vary depending upon the nature of the oil in which the addition agents are incorporated and upon the use for which a particular blended oil is intended. The amount of chlorinated naphthalene which can be used advantageously ranges from about 0.25% to 1.5% by weight of oil. The amount of calcium phenyl stearate incorporated in the oil mayyary from about 0.5% to 2.5% by weight .20 of the oil. These ranges are not inflexible but represent the ranges which have been found to include emcacious blends of oil, chlorinated naphthalene, and calcium phenyl stearate. Sat 'isfactory results will be obtained by incorporating about 1.0% of a chlorinated naphthalene concalcium phenyl stearate containing about 5.0% calcium by weight in a South Texas 011 having an A. P. I. gravity of 20.7, a flash point of 373 80 F., a viscosity of 506 seconds Saybolt Universal at 100 F., and a viscosity of 53.5 seconds Saybolt Universal at 210 F. This, compounded oil was characterized by high film strength and oiliness as well as by high thermal stability without 86 an appreciable increase of its corrosiveness as compared to that of the uncompounded oil.

The calcium phenyl stearate may be incorporated in a mixture of a lubricating oil and chlorinated naphthalene, or the chlorinated 4o naphthalene may be blended with a compounded oil comprising a lubricating oil and calcium phenyl stearate.

It is generally unnecessary to. heat the oil in order to incorporate the chlorinated naphthalene $5 and calcium phenyl stearate therein in the desired amounts. In many instances it may be desirable to mix the chlorinated naphthalene with the calcium phenyl stearate in the proper ratio and subsequently incorporate this mixture 50 in a. lubricating oil the lubricating properties of which it is desired to improve.

The incorporation of both halogenated naph thalene and calcium phenyl stearate in petroleum lubricating oils in accordance with my in- 55 vention produces oils of superior lubricating taining about 22% chlorine by weight and 1.33%

properties. The compounded oilspossess increased film strength and thermal stability and are substantiallyfree from the common tendency or many lubricating oils to cause sticking and fouling oi! piston rings 01' an internal com- 5 bustion engine.

I claim:

1. An improved lubricating oil which comprises petroleum lubricating oil containing a small proportion of chlorinated naphthalene and 10 a small proportion of calcium phenyl stearate sufficient in amount to remove chlorine and hydrochloric acid formed by thermal decomposition of the chlorinated naphthalene in the oil.

2. An improved lubricating oil which com- 15 prises petroleum lubricating oil containing from about 0.2% to 1.5% chlorinated naphthalene and from about 0.5% to 2.5% calcium. phenyl stearate.

3. An improved lubricating oil which comprises petroleum lubricating oil containing about 1.33% calcium phenyl stearate and about 1.0%;

chlorinated naphthalene containing approximately 22% chlorine'by weight oi'the chlorinated naphthalene.

4. An improved lubricating oil which com- 25 prises petroleum lubricating oil containing chlorinated naphthalene and an amount of calcium phenyl stearate such that the calcium content of the calcium phenyl stearate is slightly in excess of the theoretical amount necessary 80 to react with the chlorine in the chlorinated naphthalene. I

5. An addition agent for improving the lubricating properties of petroleum lubricating oil which comprises a mixture of chlorinated naphthalene and calcium phenyl stearate, the calcium phenyl stearate being present in amount suflicient to remove chlorine and hydrochloric acid formed by thermal decomposition of the chlorinated naphthalene.

6. An addition agent for improving the lubricating properties of petroleum lubricating oil which comprises a mixture or about 1 part of chlorinated naphthalene and from about 1.3 to 3.0 parts of calcium phenyl stearate.

7. An addition agent for improving the lubrieating properties of petroleumlubricating oil which comprises a mixture of chlorinatednaphthalene and an amount of calcium phenyl stearate such that the calcium content of the calcium phenyl stearate is slightly in excess of the theoretical amount necessary to react with the chlorine in the chlorinated naphthalene.

ARNOLD c. voBAcH. 5g 

